This is a piece about Irish satire which I wrote for Village in 2009. I was inspired to post it after reading about Oliver Callan on last night’s Late Late Show.
June 2007, and writer Julian Gough appears on the Late Late Show to publicise his soon to be released novel, Jude Level 1. It’s a satirical look at modern Ireland through the prism of its hapless anti-hero. Pat Kenny asks how Gough has tackled the subject of child abuse in the book. Gough outlines a conceit he uses in the novel, and he describes the Catholic hierarchy suing hundreds of thousands of children for having abused a poor victimised clergy. Gough’s description of this is met with slight titters. Listening back on Youtube you can almost hear what sounds like a low horrified moan from one member of the audience.
Flash forward to the Late Late in October 2008. Alan Shortt appears as Brian Cowen with a pint in hand, and what looks like a pillow tucked under his shirt. He uses the word “fuck” in his opening gambit with Pat Kenny, and the audience explodes with delight. At one point he even says “knickers” and there are hoots of laughter. Pat Kenny sets up the gags, and Shortt responds with some jokes that make no sense, and others that peter off into nothingness. The satire, and we’re being charitable here, is aimless and lacking in bite. The delighted audience doesn’t seem bothered by this. Pakie O’ Callaghan then does an impression of Charlie McCreevy, but again, there are no jokes, and it all ends in a singalong.
There is a gulf between these two moments that speaks volumes about the state of Irish satire in recent years. In one corner is the scalpel-like precision of Gough. In the other corner the remnants of Bull Island flail about with the verbal equivalent of badly aimed custard pies. Gough’s conceit was pitch perfect. With one deft satirical reversal he exposed the arrogance of an organisation unwilling to face up to its responsibilities. Meanwhile, Alan Shortt and Pakie O’ Callaghan fell back on the tired Irish tradition of nodding, winking, and gurning while saying nothing of substance. It was parish hall stuff, and it lacked the innate sense of purpose, focus, and undercurrent of contempt and vitriol which makes real satire work.
Jonathan Swift understood these forces, and he applied them perfectly in his writing. These days it’s hard to imagine anyone possessing both the same keen sense of social injustice, and the talent to transmute that anger into dispassionate and cutting work. Contempt was the engine that drove Swift’s A Modest Proposal, and he masked that contempt with technique, without diluting the strength and vigour of what he’d written. Swift understood both the simplicity and complexity of satire. He understood it’s architecture, and he understood its ability to explore, unearth, and rupture the hypocrisy that lay at the heart of his society. At its heart his satire worked because he had a clear sense of focus. He knew his targets, and he knew how to deploy his weapons, and he had the talent and will to make it work.
Back in the late eighties and early nineties Gerry Stembridge’s work on Scrap Saturday was a perfect example of a clear-eyed sense of focus, and of a satirist using his craft to achieve an end. At times all it took was a bit of diddly aye music in the background and Dermot Morgan pontificating as Charlie Haughey about his ancestral roots in China, and we had the perfect presentation of one man’s boundless vanity in thirty seconds. Compare that to the sloppy meanderings of the Bull Island crew a few years ago, and John Ryan’s woefully conceived This is Nightlive. Unfortunately since Scrap Saturday’s demise nothing has even come close to addressing the follies of Irish culture and society with the same degree of wit and intelligence. It seems easier to put on a few funny voices and wink while punning furiously in front of a Late Late Show audience.
Now that we have 2FM’s Nob Nation being upheld as a supposedly worthy successor to Scrap Saturday, there are those who will loudly proclaim the spurious myth that satire only thrives during a recession. For some fanciful theorists it’s as if idiocy and human absurdity are qualities that only come to the fore when certain temporal and cultural forces are aligned. As for Nob Nations’s credentials, you have to ask if it really satisfies the gold standard of great satire.
Great satire peeks behind the façade of public life and it does this through humour which is crafted with one eye on laughs and the other on sub-text. Satire is about truth. That truth is unveiled most successfully through well crafted jokes which have a symmetry, intelligence and purpose. When Nob Nation’s Oliver Callan caricatures Cowen and his booze-soaked cabinet they are squeezed into a tatty caravan. The jokes, such as they are, are usually scattered throughout a formless imbroglio of puns, swear words and slapstick. Everything is paced with the same sense of panic and urgent need to please as we reel from one gag to the next. It’s the comedy equivalent of hurling muck at a wall to see what sticks, only to watch it all pool into a formless mess upon the ground. The Nob Nation universe seems to lack any sense of logic, when logic, even in an absurd universe, should underpin everything. What we’re left with are broad caricatures and a lack of direction. Something one-note and unfocused, where a Gerry Stembridge would have applied a sense of something worth saying, even in the most seemingly throwaway sketch.
There are of course external factors influencing the parlous state of Irish satire. You only have to look at the recent farce in which Oliver Callan was told to “go easy” on Brian Cowen by RTE. Fears were expresses that Callan’s caricature of Cowen was pushing Nob Nation towards the realms of “opinion.” A strange accusation, when, surely a satirist starts with an opinion and builds their work around it. But this is nothing new, since rumours of political interference in the axing of Scrap Saturday there has always been a lack of will when it comes to addressing the ills of this nation through the medium of humour. The result is that most subsequent attempts at the genre have been neutered. Instead we now live in an Ireland where saying knickers and fuck on national television has become the apogee of satirical comment, and we’ve arrived here because there is no real appetite for provocation on the part of broadcasters. On an island where interest groups at all levels of society are so inextricably linked, the crippling fear of causing offence has left us creatively hamstrung. What we have left to fill the gap is an appetite for infantilism in our humour, when satirists should be pouring scorn on the infantilism of our political representatives.
The late Dave Allen was arguably our most important comedian. He was a man who scorned the absurdity and hypocrisy of political and religious institutions. And yet here was also a man whose career would never have thrived in an Ireland polluted by self-interest and the kind of public service nervous ninnyism that afflicts all levels of our society. Instead Allen took his scorn abroad. He channelled his invective and bile, and crafted it into something lucid and concentrated. The nearest thing we have to Allen now is Tommy Tiernan, and although they are both worlds away in terms of style, there is still that sense of the incredulous that has informed the work of both men. Unfortunately Tommy Tiernan’s greatest sin is to deploy the word fuck whenever he feels like. Fuck used as a form of exasperated punctuation, like bullets from a machine gun, in a country where fuck is only accepted by middle Ireland when used by toothless satirists; and those with an eye on their next public speaking engagement looking to cause embarrassed titters among the granny set. The maligned Tommy swears and grins, pointing out the absurd and ridiculous like an over-excited child at a freak show attempting to pass itself off as a polite tea party. Meanwhile, the offended huff and puff, and attempt to distract attention away from the drooling shambling guests.
Excuses are also made when the lack of any willingness to engage with those in power is brought up. The “stuff at the tribunals is beyond satire”, and sure what need do we have of poking a few jokes at the ludicrous explanations for the unconventional nature of Bertie Ahern’s finances? It’s these kind of excuses that point to a lack of appetite for engaging with Irish society and falling back on the puerile. Excuses have often been made that for great satire to exist there has to be an appetite for it from the public, and a need to feel one’s anger crystallised in that form. If that is true, then how do we explain the vacuum that existed in the miserable eighties? A vacuum filled all too fleetingly by Scrap Saturday.
The real truth is that bad satirists, and faint-hearted broadcasters are the ones without appetite; and without an appetite, a willingness, and a real desire to amuse and provoke at the same time, all we have left is badly crafted caricature. It’s the one dimensional representation of buffoonery without an underlying purpose. The putting on of clown make up and stepping in buckets of water, while parping the horn on a little yellow car. It’s fine for the circus ring and a world filled with candy floss, but it tells us nothing of human nature and the abuse and misuse of power.
Fortunately there is a beacon of hope on the horizon. Newstalk’s satirical programme, The Emergency, has expressed a willingness to emulate Scrap Saturday. Most encouraging of all is the tone of the sketches on the emergency. Where Callan and co prefer a lazy, schoolyard tone, The Emergency is fuelled by an obvious sense of contempt for the powerful. It’s that willingness to use invective and to foreground sub-text, rather than going for cheap laughs that epitomises true satire. The Emergency is only in its infancy, but even now it has more form and purpose than its RTE counterpart.
Of course purpose is one thing, the ability to harness that energy has to be reflected in writing of necessary quality. For all of our talk of our great literary tradition, we seem to put a very low premium on satirical writing as a craft in itself, and instead we find ourselves sidetracked by the most puerile, and, revealing concerns. Possibly the saddest reflection of the state of Irish satire was the spectacle last year of Oliver Callan accusing Mario Rosentsock of Gift Grub fame of being unable to impersonate Brian Cowen. Cowen’s voice became the new Holy Grail of Irish satire, and the ability to do a funny voice once again was all that seemed to matter.
It’s hard to imagine the pioneers of That Was the Week That Was, in sixties Britain becoming sidetracked by such an issue. But then they were concentrating on the writing, treating their craft with the respect it was due, honing it, perfecting it, and creating jokes that provoked and made people laugh. Julian Gough has spoken about the influence of The Simpsons on his work. It’s an influence that has paid off in well crafted set-pieces and gags. If Irish satire on television and radio can assimilate the same influences, and approach things with honesty and creative rigour, then maybe we can have the beginnings of a satirical tradition worth talking about. Only then can we hope to walk free of the influence of the parish hall and the pantomime.